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Project Procurement Management
PMBOK Guide 葉明導讀
Project Procurement Management n Purchases or acquires the products, service, or results need from outside the project team to perform the work n Processes include 1. Plan Purchases and Acquisitions 2. Plan Contracting 3. Request Seller Responses 4. Select Sellers 5. Contract Administration 6. Contract Closure
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Plan Purchases and Acquisitions n Identifies which project needs can best be met by purchasing or acquiring products, services, or results outside the project organization, and which project needs can be accomplished by the project team during project execution
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Contract n Generally fall into one of three broad categories l Fixed-price or lump-sum contracts l Cost –reimbursable contracts l Time and Material (T&M) contracts
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n Involves payment to the seller for seller’s actual costs, plus a fee typically representing seller profit n Costs are usually classified as direct costs or indirect costs n Indirect costs are usually calculated as a percentage of direct costs n Common types l Cost –Plus-Fee (CPF) or Cost-Plus-Percentage of Cost (CPPC) l Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) l Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF)
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Procurement Management Plan n A output of Plan Purchases and Acquisitions n A subsidiary component of the project management plan n Describes how the procurement processes will be managed from developing procurement documentation through contract closure
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Procurement Documents n One output of Plan Contracting n Used to seek proposal from prospective sellers n A term such as bid, tender or quotation is generally used when the seller selection decision will be based on price n A term such as proposal is generally used when other consideration, such as technical skills or technical approach, are paramount n Common names include invitation for bid, request for proposal, request for quotation, tender notice, invitation for negotiation, and contract initial response
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Evaluation Criteria n Developed and used to rate or score proposals n Often included as part of the procurement document n Obtains responses, such as bids and proposals, from prospective sellers on how project requirement be meet
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Bidder conferences n One tool of Request Seller Responses n Also called contractor conferences, vendor conferences, and pre-bid conferences n Used to ensure that all prospective sellers have a clear, common understanding of the procurement
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Proposals n Seller-prepared documents that describe the seller’s ability and willingness to provide the requested products, services, or results described in the procurement documentation
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Select sellers n Receives bids or proposals and applies evaluation criteria to select one or more sellers who are both qualified and acceptable as a seller n Tools and Techniques l Weighting System l Independent Estimates l Screening System l Contract Negotiation l Seller Rating System l Expert judgment l Proposal Evaluation Techniques
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Contract Administration n Ensures that the seller’s performance meets contractual requirements and that the buyer performs according to the terms of contract
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Contract Closure n Completes and settles each contract, including the resolution of any open item, and closes each contract n Early termination of a contract is a special case closure
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承包工程保證
n 押標金保證 (Bid Bond) 廠商參加工程招標時，通常均須繳納一定之金額以為保證。此項保證金可以銀行之保證代替，即所謂押標金保證。如投標廠商得標後 ，未能依投標文件規定條件及期限與業主簽訂契約，由保證銀行就保證金額賠償業主。 n 履約保證 (Performance Bond)業主為確保得標廠商依約完成工程，規定得標廠商須繳納若干的金額以為保證，此稱為履約保證金。 此項保證金可以銀行保證代替之，即所謂履約保證。倘非因可歸責於業主之事由而不能履行契約義務時，可由保證銀行代為履行契約或賠償業主之損失。 n 預付款保證 (Advance Payment Bond) 保證銀行擔保承包商於領取工程預付款後，將遵照契約規定，如期施工。若承包商不履約，致使業主 於開工後無法從依工程進度發給之工程估驗款中扣回預付款，而承包商亦不償還時，由保證銀行負責賠償。 n 保留款保證 (Retention money Bond) 保證銀行擔保承包商領取工程保留款後，會依約繼續完成工程 並確保品質，以保保障業主之權益。依工程合約慣例，業主會於各期工程估驗款內保留一定比率的保留款，倘工程品質發生問題，而承包商不予修復時，可由保證銀行代為履行或賠償因無該保留款所致之損失。 n 保固保證 (Maintenance Bond) 保證銀行擔保承包商於工程契約規定之保固期間內，對於因施工不良或材料瑕疵所致之缺陷，將負責修繕改正，否則即由保證銀行代為履行該保固責任或賠償業主損失。 n 支付款保證 (Payment Bond) 保證銀行向業主提供保證，如承包商未能依約支付其應支付與該工程有關之勞務、材料、機具等費用時，由承保銀行代為支付，以避免工程因承包商之債務糾紛或財務困難發生工程阻滯，無法施工甚或倒閉，影響工程之進行。
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