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Project Scope Management
PMBOK Guide 葉明導讀
Project Scope Management l 專案範疇管理要求對專案的範疇做精準的掌控，過與不及都算是不成功的管理。 Project Scope Statement 和 WBS 是二大重點，必須充份的加以了解。 n To ensure that the project includes all work required, and only the work required n Processes include: 1. Scope Planning 2. Scope Definition 3. Create WBS 4. Scope Verification 5. Scope Control
Scope Planning l 制訂出範疇管理計畫，做為範疇管理的依據。 n Creates a project scope management plan that documents how the project scope will be defined, verified, controlled, and how the work breakdown structure will be created and defined n Planning Process Group
Scope Definition l 制訂出詳盡專案範疇說明書，以利專案的持繼進行。 n Develops a detailed project scope statement as the basis for future project decision n Planning Process Group
Stakeholder Analysis l 分析利害關係人，是定義範疇時不可或缺的一項，以確保範疇能滿足所需。 n Identifies the influence and interests of the various stakeholders n Documents their needs, wants, and expectations n To turn stakeholder needs, wants, and expectations into requirements n A tool of Scope Definition
Project Scope Statement l 專案範疇說明書明確界定出專案的範疇，是所有利害關係人對範疇的認知依據。 n Describes, in detail, the project's deliverables and the work required to create those deliverables n Provides a common understanding of the project scope among all project stakeholders and describes the project's major objectives n A output of Scope definition n Includes: l Project objectives l Product scope description l Project requirements l Project boundaries l Project deliverables l Product acceptance criteria l Project constrains l Project assumptions l Initial project organization l Initial defined risks l Schedule milestones l Fund limitation l Cost estimate l Project configuration management requirements l Project specifications l Approval requirements
Objective l 目標必須要能量測，要能量測必須要能量化。 n Should be measurable n With attribute, metric, value
Create WBS l 制訂出 WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)，以落實對專案範疇 的掌控，並有利於後繼的 Schedule 製作。 n Subdivides the major project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components n Planning Process Group
WBS l 工作分解結構是專案管理最重要的觀念之一，也是專案管理的核心技術， 它的觀念並不困難，實務上卻需要相當經驗的累積。 n A deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work n Organizes and defines the total scope of the project n Subdivides the project work into smaller, more manageable pieces of work n Prevents work from slipping through the cracks n The process of creating a WBS results in Team buy-in n Decompose work until it has a meaningful conclusion n Decompose work until it cannot be logically subdivided further n Decompose work until it can be realistically estimated n As an effective aid for Stakeholder communications n Used for communicating with the customer n Every item should have a unique identifier n Each level of a WBS provides progressively greater detail
Work Package l 工作包是 WBS 的最終層級，已足可估算成本及時程。 n The lowest-level component in the WBS n The point at which the cost and schedule for the work can be reliable estimated
WBS Dictionary l WBS 各單項的明細，用以避免對工作內容產生認知的差異。 n Includes a code of account identifier, a statement of work, responsible organization, and a list of schedule milestones n To make sure the team clearly knows what work is included in each of their tasks n Documents contains detailed description of work packages n A output of Create WBS
Scope Baseline l 專案管理的 Baseline 有三：Scope Baseline, Time Baseline, Cost Baseline。 n A output of Create WBS n Includes: 1. Project Scope Statement 2. WBS 3. WBS dictionary
Scope Verification l 對交付物是否符合範疇規定的驗證。 n Formalizes acceptance of the completed project deliverables n Customer acceptance of project effort n Concerned with acceptance of the deliverables n Be done at the end of each phase of the project n Before moving to the next phase n Monitoring & Controlling Process Group
Inspection l Inspection 也是 Perform Quality Control 的工具以一。 n The tool of Scope Verification n Variously called reviews, product reviews, audits, and walkthrough
Scope Control l "There are three certainties in life: taxes, death, and changes to project scope." 範疇變更無可避免，但需嚴加管制，以減少對專案造成衝擊。 n Controls changes to the project scope n Concerned with influencing the factors that create project scope changes and controlling of those changes n Monitoring & Controlling Process Group
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