StrutsTestCase
(史帝芬, 2005/8/11, hi.steven@gmail.com)
Cactus在Model 1的web程式上確實可幫助programmer順利且簡單的完成單元測試，在struts所寫的Model 2上則 需要Mock Object的幫忙，SourceForge提供了很好用的Mock Object -- StrutsTestCase 來完成struts的單元測試，StrutsTestCase的官方網站在http://strutstestcase.sourceforge.net/ ，因為底下將使用In-Container的方式測試，在了解怎麼使用StrutsTestCase，請先看一下Cactus怎麼使用。
  • 範例程式

    • 這個範例程式是個簡單的登入功能，如下圖，登入成功轉到success.jsp，失敗的話轉到fail.jsp。
    1. login.jsp 
      <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
<html:html>
<HEAD>
<%@ page 
language="java" contentType="text/html; 
charset=BIG5" pageEncoding="BIG5" %>
<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=BIG5">
<META http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<html:form action="/login.do">
	登入名稱: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
	登入密碼: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
	<input type="submit" value="登入">
</html:form>

</BODY>
</html:html>
    2. success.jsp 
      <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html:html>
<HEAD>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; 
charset=BIG5" pageEncoding="BIG5" %>
<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=BIG5">
<META http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

Hello, <c:out value="${username}"/>!

</BODY>
</html:html>
    3. fail.jsp 
      <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<html:html>
<HEAD>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; 
charset=BIG5" pageEncoding="BIG5" %>
<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=BIG5">
<META http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

Fail!

</BODY>
</html:html>
    4. LoginAction.java 
      package tw.idv.idealist.cactus.actions;

import javax.servlet.http.*;
import org.apache.struts.action.*;
import tw.idv.idealist.cactus.forms.FmLogin;

public class LoginAction extends Action {
  public ActionForward execute(
    ActionMapping mapping,
      ActionForm form,
      HttpServletRequest request,
      HttpServletResponse response)
      throws Exception {

      ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
      ActionForward forward = new ActionForward();
      FmLogin fmLogin = (FmLogin) form;
		
      if (fmLogin.getUsername().equals("steven") && 
        fmLogin.getPassword().equals("1234")) {
        request.setAttribute("username", fmLogin.getUsername());
        forward = mapping.findForward("success");
      }
      else {
	forward = mapping.findForward("fail");
      }

      return (forward);
  }
}
    5. FmLogin.java 
      package tw.idv.idealist.cactus.forms;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

public class FmLogin extends ActionForm {
	private String username;
	private String password;

	public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, 
                          HttpServletRequest request) {


	}

	public ActionErrors validate(
		ActionMapping mapping,
		HttpServletRequest request) {

		ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();

		return errors;

	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setPassword(String string) {
		password = string;
	}

	public void setUsername(String string) {
		username = string;
	}
}
    6. struts-config.xml 
      <form-beans>
  <form-bean name="fmLogin" 
      type="tw.idv.idealist.cactus.forms.FmLogin">
  </form-bean>
</form-beans>
…
<action-mappings>
  <action name="fmLogin" path="/login" scope="request" 
    type="tw.idv.idealist.cactus.actions.LoginAction">
    <forward name="success" path="/success.jsp">
    </forward>
    <forward name="fail" path="/fail.jsp">
    </forward>
  </action>
</action-mappings>
  • 測試

    • 由官方網站上下載StrutsTestCase後解開，會發現有一個名為test.war的檔案， 將它解開，將裡面的aspectjrt-1.1.1.jar、cactus-13-1.6.1.jar、commons-beanutils.jar、commons-collections.jar、 commons-digester.jar、commons-httpclient-2.0.jar、commons-logging.jar、commons-validator.jar、crimson.jar、httpunit-1.5.4.jar、 jaxp.jar、junit-3.8.1.jar、log4j-1.2.5.jar、strutstest-2.1.3.jar放置到WEB-INF/lib，然後撰寫如下測試碼，撰寫測試碼時，要 注意以下幾點:
    1. 測試的TestCase要繼承MockStrutsTestCase。
    2. 如果要override setUP()和tearDown() method，那麼這兩個method先呼叫父類別的setUP()和tearDown() method，父類別的setUP()和 tearDown() method會做些初始化的動作。
    3. 使用setRequestPathInfo() method告訴struts mapping的路徑。
    4. 使用addRequestParameter來加入client端要傳給server的參數。
    5. client傳完參數後，記得呼叫actionPerform() method，這樣LoginAction就會真的被執行。
    6. 接著我們可以使用verifyForward()、assertEquals()、verifyActionErrors()…method檢查結果是否正確。 
    package tw.idv.idealist.cactus;

import java.io.File;
import servletunit.struts.MockStrutsTestCase;

public class TestLoginAction extends MockStrutsTestCase {
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    super.setUp();
  }

  public void tearDown() throws Exception {
    super.tearDown();
  }

  public TestLoginAction(String testName) { 
    super(testName); 
  }

  public void testSuccessfulLogin() {
    this.setContextDirectory(new File("e:/Tomcat4/webapps/UnitTest"));
    setRequestPathInfo("/login");
    addRequestParameter("username","steven");
    addRequestParameter("password","1234");
    actionPerform();
    verifyForward("success");
    assertEquals("steven", request.getAttribute("username"));
  }	
}
  • 執行結果
    開啟瀏覽器，連線到http://localhost/UnitTest/ServletTestRunner?suite=tw.idv.idealist.cactus.TestLoginAction&transform=yes， 可以看到如下結果。